Day 53 Hub
Step 2 of 6: Grammar
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Master relaying what others said in your own words! Learn the 3 Core Shifts (Pronouns, Tenses, Time/Place words), Reported Questions (if/whether & WH-words in statement order), and Reported Commands & Requests (to / not to + V1).
In Indirect Speech, we report what someone said without repeating their exact words. Quotation marks are dropped, pronouns shift to match the perspective, and tenses generally backshift.
Drop " " and add that (for statements).
I → he/she, we → they, my → his/her.
Present → Past (is→was, will→would, can→could).
today→that day, tomorrow→next day, here→there.
• Direct: "Are you busy?"
• Indirect: Ravi asked if I was busy.
❌ asked if was I busy.
• Direct: "Where do you live?"
• Indirect: He asked where I lived.
❌ asked where did I live.
• Direct: "Open your book."
• Indirect: Teacher told me to open my book.
• Direct: "Don't talk."
• Indirect: Teacher told us not to talk.
• 1. Present / Future Reporting Verb: Ravi says, "I am busy." → Ravi says that he is busy.
• 2. Universal Truth / Fact: "The Earth revolves around the Sun." → The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.